Dedicated to summarizing the facts regarding origins
Swainson Hawk Gallery
& Nature Photo Galleries
Noah's Ark Possibility Project (NAPP)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_Tubulidentata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrocodium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruitafossor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_Tubulidentata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eozostrodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megazostrodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agilodocodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docofossor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castorocauda
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldanodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuehneotherium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repenomamus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repenomamus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanoconodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinolestes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobiconodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausktribosphenidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaglossus_hacketti
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaconus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenshou
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboroharamiya
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xianshou
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xianshou
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferugliotherium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multituberculata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiaulacidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albionbaataridae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugosodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimolodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anconodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taeniolabidoidea
http://www.pittsburghzoo.org/animal.aspx?id=20
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphadon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagodontidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didelphodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eodelphis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/z/zhangheotherium.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesungulatidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusafontia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinodelphys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pucadelphys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chulpasia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyrolagus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamoperadectes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparassodonta#cite_note-1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladosictis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borhyaenidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borhyaena
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylacosmilus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrocodium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruitafossor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_Tubulidentata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eozostrodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megazostrodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agilodocodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docofossor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castorocauda
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldanodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuehneotherium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repenomamus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repenomamus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanoconodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinolestes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobiconodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausktribosphenidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaglossus_hacketti
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaconus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenshou
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboroharamiya
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xianshou
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xianshou
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferugliotherium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multituberculata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiaulacidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albionbaataridae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugosodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimolodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anconodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taeniolabidoidea
http://www.pittsburghzoo.org/animal.aspx?id=20
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphadon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagodontidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didelphodon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eodelphis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/z/zhangheotherium.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesungulatidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusafontia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Xenungulata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinodelphys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pucadelphys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chulpasia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyrolagus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_mammals#Order_.E2.80.A0Ausktribosphenida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamoperadectes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparassodonta#cite_note-1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladosictis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borhyaenidae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borhyaena
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylacosmilus
Permission is "granted to the general public to re-distribute and re-use" the contents of this page freely provided "that use is properly
attributed and the same freedom of re-use and re-distribute is granted to any derivative works." This is in accordance with the
Wikipedia Foundation's Terms of Use as they existed on August 11, 2015.
6-2-16
Table 8 is intended to provide a rough estimate of the total weight of extinct prehistoric adult male and female mammals that may
have been on the ark. In making this estimate, maximum possible weight is not the criteria but the possibility of a certain weight
meeting the biblical criteria and what is observable. The biblical criteria for loading the animals on the ark is two of every kind
of living animal, male and female, and seven of every kind of living clean animal, male and female. The use of kind here most likely
does not agree with the poorly defined term species. Micro evolution (variation within a kind) takes place all the time and it is
unlikely that God would consider these variants as different kinds of living flesh. For this reason, Table 8 is based not on species
but on genera, the grouping one step above species. Of course genera might not be the correct criteria either.
Another important factor is extinctions that may have occurred prior to the flood. Noah is told to bring two of every living thing of all flesh into the ark. Based on what we experience today with overhunting, there is a high probability that there were many extinctions before the flood. If a kind had become extinct before the flood, it does not fall under the definition of living flesh and would be absent from the ark. No attempt has been made here to exclude any extinctions.
The number of prehistoric extinct genera estimated is 2,682 genera based on information from Wikipedia. The total weight of these genera was then roughly estimated and from this estimate an overall average weight calculated.
Fifty-eight (58) marine mammal genera are not included in the number of genera above and calculations as the survival of these marine species in a flood probably would not require an ark.
Estimates are based on as large of sampling as practical using primarily Wikipedia online resources. As adult mammal weights for a particular genus can vary considerably depending on age, sex, and other factors, averaging became the preferred method. Rough average adult weights were calculated for each sample genus in a group (i.e. order, suborder, or family). Then these rough average adult weights were averaged for the group. This group average then was multiplied with few exceptions times the number of genera in the group times two to give a total weight for male and female couples in the group. All total weights for the groups were then added together to give the total weight of the female and male adult mammals. The rough overall average weight per mammal was then determined by dividing the latter total weight first by two and then by total number of mammal genera, excluding 58 marine mammal genera.
Another important factor is extinctions that may have occurred prior to the flood. Noah is told to bring two of every living thing of all flesh into the ark. Based on what we experience today with overhunting, there is a high probability that there were many extinctions before the flood. If a kind had become extinct before the flood, it does not fall under the definition of living flesh and would be absent from the ark. No attempt has been made here to exclude any extinctions.
The number of prehistoric extinct genera estimated is 2,682 genera based on information from Wikipedia. The total weight of these genera was then roughly estimated and from this estimate an overall average weight calculated.
Fifty-eight (58) marine mammal genera are not included in the number of genera above and calculations as the survival of these marine species in a flood probably would not require an ark.
Estimates are based on as large of sampling as practical using primarily Wikipedia online resources. As adult mammal weights for a particular genus can vary considerably depending on age, sex, and other factors, averaging became the preferred method. Rough average adult weights were calculated for each sample genus in a group (i.e. order, suborder, or family). Then these rough average adult weights were averaged for the group. This group average then was multiplied with few exceptions times the number of genera in the group times two to give a total weight for male and female couples in the group. All total weights for the groups were then added together to give the total weight of the female and male adult mammals. The rough overall average weight per mammal was then determined by dividing the latter total weight first by two and then by total number of mammal genera, excluding 58 marine mammal genera.
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